1.Data
2.Data type
3.Data structure
4.DBMS

          
          The ff. are related with each other; a DBMS can be characterized as an "attribute management system" where attributes are small chunks of information that describe something. For example, "colour" is an attribute of a car. The value of the attribute may be a color such as "red", "blue" or "silver". Like data type is an attribute of a datum, the value of the attribute may be a color such as red,green,and blue. Data (singular: datum) refer to a collection of natural phenomena descriptors including the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables. Data is also a datum that refers collection of unprocessed items.

          Alternatively, and especially in connection with the relational model of database management, the relation between attributes drawn from a specified set of domains can be seen as being primary. For instance, the database might indicate that a car that was originally "red" might fade to "pink" in time, provided it was of some particular "make" with an inferior paint job. Such higher arity relationships provide information on all of the underlying domains at the same time, with none of them being privileged above the others.

          Throughout recent history specialized databases have existed for scientific, geospatial, imaging, document storage and like uses. Functionality drawn from such applications has lately begun appearing in mainstream DBMSs as well. However, the main focus there, at least when aimed at the commercial data processing market, is still on descriptive attributes on repetitive record structures.

            Thus, the DBMSs of today roll together frequently-needed services or features of attribute management. By externalizing such functionality to the DBMS, applications effectively share code with each other and are relieved of much internal complexity. Features commonly offered by database management systems include: DBMS are categorized according to their data structures or types, some time DBMS is also known as Data base Manager. It is a set of prewritten programs that are used to store, update and retrieve a database.

            A data type can also be thought as a constraint placed upon the interpretation of data in a type system, describing representation, interpretation and  structure of values or objects stored in computer memory. The type system uses data type informationto check correctness of computer programs that access or manipulate the data.

           The choice of the data stucture often begins from the choice of an abstract data type. A well-designed data structure allows a variety of critical operation to be performed, using as few resources, both execution time and memory space, as possible. Data structure are implemented by a programming language as data types and the references and operation they provide. 

 

           We input data to process it, then produce an output, or the information that serve as our reference for future use,and it also serve as our knowlenge, which is our basis guide in decision making, and in making a decision it involves an action that help us understand, why we input data. The store data is very useful to us, we store data so that it can be use efficiently.