KNOWLEDGE IS THE KEY TO HEALTH
(note this was a table but I couldn't get it to display here as a table)
The effects of coping mechanisms (my terminology) & fear co-existing.
(All the information here is the result of my own research and my findings).
And please note I have chosen fear + coping mechanism here
because when that fear is intense is the most dramatic case is created
and utilized in creating heart disease which is the first disease I will discuss.

EMCM: Elevated Metabolism Coping Mechanism is achieved by increases in metabolism (heightened activity) in the muscles so the attention of the person is effectively distracted by becoming busy and what is distasteful is thus avoided.
LMCM: Lowered Metabolism Coping Mechanism is achieved by decreases in metabolism (lowered activity) in the muscles so the attention of the person is effectively reduced as in the very earliest stages of drowsiness (before falling sleep) so what is distasteful is thus avoided.

Effects of EMCM.
The breath is deepened owing to habit, so the amount of air that the person breathes into their lungs is increased. so more oxygen is inhaled per breath. A greater volume of air means an increase in the amount of oxygen is breathed into the lungs. This signals a speeding up of the body’s energy-producing processes (metabolism) and that means the musculature has more energy and the person becomes more active.
Effects of LMCM.
The breathing becomes more shallow and/or there is holding down the breath, owing to habit, so the amount of air that the person breathes into their lungs is reduced. Certainly the person will breath rapidly as is required by fear but the volume is decreased. A lower volume of air means a decrease in the amount of oxygen is breathed into the lungs. This signals a slowing of the metabolism and that means the musculature has less energy so the person become less active.

Effects of EMCM on the heart.
Normally this is only a mini charge-up, however in very unpleasant circumstances such as arise when a person is faced with inexplicable sense of danger, this mini charge-up in energy production becomes a maxi charge-up.
AND remember the person is experiencing intense fear, so the heart and the lungs are already working very hard.
A sudden and forceful increase in the oxygen intake which stimulates energy-producing processes means a sudden increase in the levels of thyroxine, the hormone that regulates metabolism. The effect is to seriously over-exert the heart. Indeed the whole of the person’s biological system becomes overloaded.
Effects of LMCM on the heart.
Normally this is only a mini charge-down, however in very unpleasant circumstances such as arise when a person is faced with inexplicable sense of danger, this mini charge-down in energy production becomes a maxi charge-down.
AND remember the person is experiencing intense fear, so the heart and the lungs are already working very hard.
A sudden and forceful decrease in the oxygen intake which deactivates energy-producing processes means a sudden increase in the actions of the PNS. The effect is to seriously conflict the heart. Indeed the whole biological system becomes conflicted.

Net effect on the heart. (EMCM)
Heart muscle is seriously over worked may quickly become fatigued, giving rise to some pain and the blood pressure will rise sharply.
Net effect on the heart.(LMCM)
Signals to the heart to go fast and slow at the same time means the the heart is receiving conflicting signals. The heartbeat will still be fast but weak and irregular. Thus the heart’s strength and rhythm are affected, and that means the heart’s output capacity is affected.

Effects of EMCM on the lungs - breathing difficulties.
The habitual deep breathing means an increased lung capacity that may result in structural changes of the ribcage and the lungs. This is a disadvantageous lung anatomy in cases where they need to deepen their breathing suddenly and rapidly as happens when EMCM is brought into effect on top of fear conditions. So when they attempt to deepen the breath when their breathing is already very deep their expanded lung anatomy and physiology exacerbates the problem. For to take a deeper breath the lungs need to be able to relax and hold a lesser condition first. If the lungs are already upheld in an expanded position and the breathing is already deep and uncontrollably rapid, then any effort to deepen the breath is made from a maximal structural and functional condition. This is not rapid breathing done out of choice. The person is experiencing acute fear and strongly influenced by the SNS when they additionally incite a coping mechanism owing to inexplicable sense of danger. To attempt to breath more deeply from a maximal position may cause the muscles in the lungs to spasm so breathing difficulties and/or asthma-like symptoms may develop.
Further consequences. Problems for the lungs will cause a drop in oxygen levels and affect the heart. In the body of all mammals low energy conditions is countered by vibration of muscle tissues in order to generate the necessary heat required to maintain life. All muscles are affected and that includes heart and arterial muscles. Heart muscle cells provide the pumping action that is vital to life, to push the blood to the lungs and around the body. If these cells begin to vibrate then the ability of the heart to pump blood is seriously affected. Even more critically there are specialized muscles cells in the heart in areas called the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. These areas are responsible for the electrical signals that cause muscles cells in the heart to contract and the heart therefore to beat. If these are affected then the signals to other muscles to perform a beating function are obstructed. In this case a developing fibrillation begins to take shape under conditions of maximal heart muscle action. Heart function can become serious affected since groups of muscle cells may spasm and subsequent cardiac pain may eventuate.

Effects of LMCM on the lungs - breathing difficulties.
The lungs may also be affected by simultaneous and strong actions of the SNS and PNS, the conflict situation. An increase in SNS tone (due to fear) dilates the bronchioles, while a decrease in oxygen intake and the actions of the PNS that are brought into play constrict the bronchioles. To have both nervous systems with their associated endocrine products acting together creates a situation that amount to a drastic cut back on the lungs when they were trying to work at maximum capacity. Thus rapid, shallow breathing quickly develops into breathing difficulties. The tubes into the lungs (from the trachea to the bronchioles) may spasm giving a choking feeling and asthma-like symptoms may develop.
Further consequences. Breathing difficulties will cause oxygen levels to drop even further. This contradictory situation of the lungs, which causes further drops in oxygen levels, will further affect the heart. In the body of all mammals low energy conditions is countered by vibration of muscle tissues in order to generate the necessary heat required to maintain life. All muscles are affected and that includes heart and arterial muscles. Heart muscle cells provide the pumping action that is vital to life, to push the blood to the lungs and around the body. If these cells begin to vibrate then the ability of the heart to pump blood is seriously affected. Even more critically there are specialized muscles cells in the heart in areas called the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. These areas are responsible for the electrical signals that cause muscles cells in the heart to contract and the heart therefore to beat. If these are affected then the signals to other muscles to perform a beating function are obstructed. In this case a developing fibrillation begins to take shape over the already conflicted and faltering heart beat. Heart function is serious affected and again groups of muscle cells may spasm and subsequent cardiac pain may eventuate.

OTHER EFFECTS OF EMCM. and LMCM.
Effects on the Brain. (EMCM)
Dizziness or light-headedness in this case is caused by hyperventilation, as too much oxygen going to the brain, if there is no complication of no serious breathing difficulties.
Effects on the Brain.(LMCM)
Dizziness or light-headedness, in this case, is due to lowered levels of oxygen to the brain. The same blood mix goes to the brain as to the musculature and if the muscles are shivering owing to a lack of oxygen then the brain cannot be experiencing an excess.

Effects on body temperature.(EMCM)
The individual will feel excessively hot and they may even sweat and sweat spontaneously and profusely as their metabolism is running maximally. These people will not shiver since they are making more energy and therefore more heat than is needed, not less. Shivering is only experienced when there is not enough heat in the body.

Effects on body temperature. (LMCM)
The individual will feel excessively cold as their metabolism is running minimally. These people will shiver since they are making less energy and therefore less heat than is needed by the body. However if anxiety is present they sweat but it is a cold sweat because the internal organs may be hot but the skin and musculature is cold.

Effects on blood circulation. (EMCM)
Numbness may result due to resistance to the passage of blood through the small blood vessels, particularly the arteries temporary peripheral resistance.
Effects on blood circulation. (LMCM)
Numbness and tingling may result due to a fluctuating cardiac output that may have an effect on the blood pressure at the extremities and therefore changes in intensity of blood flow at the extremities.

Effects on the stomach (EMCM)
Nausea will be experienced if the person becomes seriously anxious or feel revulsion (which involves a different type of criminal to a “gun-carrying individual”). See notes below on anxiety.
Effects on the stomach. (LMCM)
Nausea involves a conflict situation for the stomach. It may be the direct result of fear and a LMCM co-existing or it could still be caused by the conflicting actions of anxiety, see below. Strong action of the SNS declines the activities of the stomach and indeed of the entire digestive system. If at the same time there is a LMCM, then actions of the PNS become relevant and oppose the actions of the SNS. The stomach attempts to work and stop working either simultaneously or if anxiety is present, then in an alternating fashion. The peristaltic movements of the stomach are both stimulated and declined creating nausea.

Effects on the nervous system. ANXIETY. (EMCM)
Anxiety in this case is the result of fear and worry co-existing. Fear means strong action of the SNS and worry, which is about thinking through to resolve the problem, requires rest so strong action of the PNS. These are two opposing actions, with opposing effects on the body. To ignite them both together is extremely problematic because the person metabolism increases due to higher SNS tone then decreases due to higher PNS tone and as these repeat over and over again the body function becomes caught in a bind. This is the nature of anxiety. And we must appreciate while the person faces danger they are justifiably fearful. And where that danger poses an existential threat they justifiably urgently need to look for a solution. As they have insufficient information so their thinking becomes circular and worry justifiably results. Telling them to “just get over it” or that it is their imagination or drugging them are not only not solutions but cruel.
Anxiety is exacerbated by added attempts to decrease the metabolism because it adds to the worry reaction. This causes the person to move more strongly to fear, higher activity and defence. These however only make for more worry, as the fear and higher activity can not be used to address the danger. Thus we have a back and forward see-saw effect between the actions of the SNS and the PNS, which exacerbates the anxiety that already exists.

Effects on the nervous system. ANXIETY. (LMCM)
ß Anxiety here is also as previously describe above.
It is exacerbated by added attempts to raise the metabolic activity because it adds to the fear reaction this time. This causes the person to move more strongly to reflection, rest and a resolution. These however only make for more fear as they are irresolvable and as rest does not address the danger. Thus we have a back and forward see-saw effect between the actions of the SNS and the PNS, which again only exacerbates the anxiety already present.

Effects on excretory sphincters. (EMCM)
The 'fear of loosing control and doing something embarrassing' in EMCM primarily relates to involuntarily passing of faeces. Like the urinary tract the end of the large intestine at the anus also has two sphincters, an inner and an outer sphincter. The inner one is controlled by the automatic nervous system. The PNS causes relaxation while the SNS causes constriction and thus containment of the faeces. It is normally closed. The external one is under voluntary control (from the first few years of life) so that the reflex is controlled by the higher centres in the brain. Defecation normally happens when this sphincter is relaxed. However the process may be aided by any increase in abdominal pressure. This means when the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles are contracted. If the person experiences forced expirations due to an EMCM there will be an increase in thoracic pressure (in the chest) which forces the diaphragm downwards and thereby increasing the abdominal pressure. This of course under the circumstances we are taking here is automatic and under habit and an urgency to find a comfort zone. And we must remember the skeletal muscles, which include the muscles of this external sphincter are experiencing higher activity. Thus even though this sphincter is under the control of the body’s voluntary nervous system, its relaxation is possible under all the conditions that come into play, making involuntary defecation likely.

Effects on excretory sphincters.(LMCM)
The 'fear of loosing control and doing something embarrassing' in LMCM primarily relates to involuntarily passing of urine. Urine is stored in the bladder. For urine to be passed there needs to be a contraction of the bladder wall and a relaxation of the inner sphincter (a circular muscle that closes off the opening to the bowel. This is facilitated by the PNS. With a LMCM the PNS tone is suddenly increased. This causes a sudden contraction of the bladder and a momentary release of the inner sphincter. Faced with such a situation, even in a milder form, a person will try to hold back the flow of urine by tightening the muscles of the outer sphincter (another circular muscle that closes off the opening to outside). Ordinarily we have voluntary control of this muscle. However, having unwittingly lowered the metabolism in the skeletal musculature, which includes the outer sphincter, the person becomes unable to control the sphincter muscle as the sphincter muscle is unreactive or only mildly reactive owing to low metabolism. So some urine may be unavoidably voided. The solution is simple. The person needs to trust in their experience of fear as normal and as a reasonable indicator of danger or “someone in their vicinity wanting to do them harm”. They can therefore stop trying to mentally avoid the unpleasant situation and breathe normally -as required by fear conditions. The high PNS tone due to the coping mechanism then vanishes and with it so does bladder contraction. High SNS tone ensures the inner sphincter remains closed. No amount of muscle tone a person may acquire by whatever exercises they may do is of any value whatsoever, because by lowering the metabolic rate in the sphincter muscle the energy need to operate it is lost.