Holocaustresearchproject

Hartheim! The Dameron Report!

2009-08-06T19:40:57-04:00

Hartheim Euthanasia

War Crimes Investigation - The Charles H. Dameron Report

Picturesque view of Hartheim in 1940

When this team arrived in Hartheim, Austria and was directed to the address Hartheim 1, it found a large building which apparently, at least at one time, had been a castle.

It is referred to throughout the investigation as “Schloss Hartheim” and for the purposes of this report will, therefore, be designated as the “Castle.” The building is presently being used as an orphanage housing 70 young children and 10 Catholic nuns and has been so used since 12 January 1945. According to one witness the building is between 300 and 500 years old.

It was operated by the German Welfare Institute for the insane from 1903 to 1938.

In approximately May 1940 the building was taken over by the SS and a crematory was installed. The witness Ignaz Schuhmann, present Burgermeister in Hartheim, personally saw the materials brought in for such use.

At this time there was installed on the ground floor of the building a receiving room, photography room, a room in which to undress patients, a gas chamber, a mortuary, a room equipped with a cremating oven, and one room to be used for dissecting. This part of the building was concealed from view by the erection of a board wall around two sides of the courtyard in the centre of the building.

An electrical bone crushing machine was also part of the equipment and there is some evidence that there were two ovens instead of one in the crematory. The purpose of the renovation was to make the building suitable for disposing of weak-minded and insane people in the German Reich, in accordance with what was explained to the employees as a “Secret German Law which would be made public after the War.”

Door to the gas chamber at Hartheim Castle

Prominently exhibited in a framed plaque hanging on the wall near the main entrance to the castle was the printed admonition: “Whoever is not healthy and worthy in body and soul, is not permitted to immortalise his ailments in the body of his child.”

Immediately adjacent thereto was to be found a plaque with the further admonition: “Respect for great men must be impregnated upon the German youth as a holy inheritance.”

Of the documents which were left behind and found by this team in the castle, books on Euthanasia predominated. In short, the purpose of the establishment was to put to death by gassing such mentally weak and insane persons of Germany, as were directed by higher authority and to then cremate their bodies.

One of the witnesses was reluctant to use the word death in this connection and preferred to use the word “redeem.” Even in the report on the number of persons executed the execution of these idiots is referred to as “disinfection.”

The Crematorium belches forth smoke at Hartheim

The entire institution was operated under the direction of what was known as the “Foundation for Asylum Care,” Headquarters Berlin 35 Tiergatenstrasse 4. Most of the employees arrived in Hartheim during April and May 1940 and were either from the SS or SA or were employed by the former.

All of the employees interviewed from the director’s secretary to the scrub woman were required to sign an oath to keep secret anything they might see or hear in the establishment under penalty of death or confinement in a concentration camp.

The exact date on which operations began is not definitely known, but it is known that some victims arrived as early as May 1940. This date coincides with that found in the unidentified statistical report recovered from the premises.

In the beginning they were brought from insane asylum such as Linz-Niedernhart, Baumgartenberg, Gallneukirchen, Wien-Steinhof, Graz- Feldhof, Wiesengrund and others.

The victims were brought to the castle in Hartheim in large busses, the capacity of which has been estimated at between 50 and 90. The number of such busses which arrived each day has been variously estimated at 2-3, six.

The witness Ignaz Schuhmann stated that he has seen as many as 7 or 8 busses arrive in one day. The victims were always accompanied by male or female nurses depending upon their sex.

Read more here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/euthan/dameron.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
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Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto H.E.A.R.T 2009

The Trials at Nuremberg

2009-07-26T09:47:47-04:00

The 1st Nuremberg Trial

Nurnberg International Military Tribunal

The "Palace of Justice" at Nürnberg

Prelude to Nürnberg

In 1944, when eventual victory over the Axis powers seemed likely, President Franklin Roosevelt asked the War Department to devise a plan for bringing war criminals to justice. Roosevelt would never live to see the end of the war.

Papers released on January 2, 2006 from the British War Cabinet in London have shown that as early as December 1942, the Cabinet had discussed their policy for the punishment of the leading Nazis if captured. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had then advocated a policy of summary execution with the use of an Act of Attainder to circumvent legal obstacles, and was only dissuaded from this by pressure from the U.S. later in the war.

In April, 1945, two weeks after the sudden death of President Roosevelt, Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson received Samuel Rosenman at his Washington home. Rosenman asked Jackson, on behalf of President Truman, to become the chief prosecutor for the United States at a war-crimes trial to be held in Europe soon after the war ended.

Truman wanted a respected figure, a man of unquestioned integrity, and a first-rate public speaker, to represent the United States. Justice Jackson, Rosenman said, was that person. Three days later, Jackson accepted. On May 2, Harry Truman formally appointed him chief prosecutor. But prosecutor of whom, and under what authority? Many questions remained unanswered.

Several Nazi leaders would escape trial and punishment. Two days before Jackson's appointment, in a bunker twenty feet below the Berlin sewer system, Adolf Hitler shot himself. Soon thereafter, Heinrich Himmler--perhaps the most terrifying figure in the Nazi regime--took a cyanide crystal while being examined by a British doctor and died within minutes. Also unavailable for trial were Joseph Goebbels (dead) and Martin Bormann (missing).

The Judicial team of the IMT

Still, many important Axis leaders had fell into Allied hands, either through surrender or capture. Deputy Fuhrer Rudolph Hess had been held in England since 1941, when he had parachuted into the English sky in a solo effort to convince British leaders to make peace with the Nazi government. Reischsmarschall Hermann Goering surrendered to Americans on May 6, 1945.

He spent his first evening in captivity happily drinking and singing with American officers--officers who later were reprimanded by General Eisenhower for the special treatment they conferred. Hans Frank, "the Jew Butcher of Cracow," received less hospitable treatment from American soldiers in Bavaria, who forced him to run through a seventy-foot line of soldiers, getting kicked and punched the whole way.

Other suspected war criminals were rounded up on May 23 by British forces in Flensburg, site of the last Nazi government. The Flensburg group included Karl Doenitz (Hitler's successor as Fuhrer), Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel, Nazi Party philosopher Alfred Rosenberg, General Alfred Jodl, and Armaments Minister Albert Speer. Eventually, twenty-two of these captured major Nazi figures would be indicted.

Robert Jackson

On June 26, Robert Jackson flew to London to meet with delegates from the other three Allied powers for a discussion of what to do with the captured Nazi leaders. Every nation had its own criminal statutes and its own views as to how the trials should proceed. Jackson devoting considerable time to explaining why the criminal statutes relating to wars of aggression and crimes against humanity that he proposed drafting would not be ex post facto laws.

Jackson told negotiators from the other nations, "What we propose is to punish acts which have been regarded as criminal since the time of Cain and have been so written in every civilized code."

The delegates also debated whether to proceed using the Anglo-American adversarial system with defense lawyers for the defendants, or whether instead to use the judge-centered inquisitive system favored by the French and Soviets.

After ten days of discussion, the shape of the proceedings to come became clearer. The trying court would be called the International Military Tribunal, and it would consist of one primary and one alternate judge from each country. The adversarial system preferred by the Americans and British would be used.

Read more here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/trials/nurnbergtrial.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

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Norwegian Jews during the Holocaust

2009-06-22T11:08:29-04:00

The Destruction of the Norwegian Jews

Jewish Synagogue in Oslo

Between the end of the 13th century and 1814 Norway was ruled by Denmark. In 1814 the European great powers decided that Norway should enter a personal union with Sweden under the Swedish King, thereby delaying its independence until 1905. But in 1814 a wave of patriotism swept the country.

n 1814, Norway acquired its first constitution. This document was relatively liberal, but it stated that the official state religion was Lutheran Protestantism and that Jews and Jesuits were forbidden from entering the kingdom.

Of the numerous constitutional drafts drawn up before the constituent assembly, only a couple prohibited Jews from entering the country, however it was the version put forth by cleric Nicolai Wergeland that was the most virulently anti-Semitic, in his draft he wrote the following clause: "No person of the Jewish creed may enter Norway, far less settle down there".

The debate on the so-called "Jewish clause" was long and heated, however ban on Jews entering Norway was passed and was not to be lifted until 1851 after which time the Jewish population grew slowly until the early 20th century, when pogroms in Russia and the Baltic states increased the number of immigrants.

An further increase in Jewish immigration came in the 1930s, as Jews fled Nazi persecution in Germany and areas under German control. By 1941-1942 the Jewish population of Norway numbered roughly 1,000 households and approximately 2,200 individuals.

1918 copy of Nationen

The Jewish minority was primarily involved in the business sector. Norwegian Jews owned about 400 enterprises. About 40 were professionals , the remainder craftsmen and artists. Few Jews were employed in the public sector or as farmers or fishermen.

There were two main communities, in Oslo and Trondheim. In both cities the Jewish population enjoyed a lively cultural life, and the Jewish communities operated numerous religious institutions and cultural organizations that ran various educational and welfare programs.

Though the Jewish minority was small and widely dispersed, several anti-Semitic stereotypes took hold in popular literature in the early 20th century. In such books by the widely read authors Rudolf Muus and Øvre Richter Frich, Jews are described as obsessed with money and sadistic. In 1920, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion was published in Norway under the title "The New World Emperor".

Norwegian attorney Eivind Saxlund published a pamphlet "Jøder og Gojim" ("Jews and Goyim") in 1910, which was characterized as "anti-Semitic slander" by many in the media. This characterization led Saxlund to sue for libel in 1922, (he lost the case), but earned him the admiration of the newspaper The Nationen, which praised Saxlund for fighting "our race war."

Anti-Semitic graffiti on a Jewish Shop

The country's immigration policy shifted following World War I to a far more restrictive line, and Jews were particularly singled out. The ministries of justice and foreign affairs were often at odds on the issue of Jewish immigration, but in practice the policy made it difficult for Jews to immigrate or settle in Norway.

Restrictions were justified on an economic basis, Jews would either create destructive competition for Norwegian merchants and tradesmen, or freeload on public assistance. Some were based on purely political concerns, Jews as communists and other subversive elements would create political instability, or general xenophobia against "foreign" groups. Whether the immigration policy was driven by the characterizations above, or vice versa is not clear.

Anti-Semitism climaxed when the Germans invaded Norway and Denmark on 9 April 1940, in a combined attack, and despite the gallant efforts of the Norwegian, British, Polish and French forces the Germans proved too strong. Norwegian armed resistance began with the first great act of sabotage (though it lacked any military significance), with the bombing of the Lysaker Bridge linking Oslo to its airport in Fornebu.

The Norwegian King Haakon VII and his Labor government, fleeing before advancing German troops, refused to cave in to Nazi demands. In Oslo, only the followers of Vidkun Quisling (the former Defense Minister and leader of the local Nazi party, the NS), called for a capitulation to the invaders.

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

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Holocaust Ghettos - Brody

2009-06-12T14:05:55-04:00

The Ghetto at Brody<

Entrance to the ghetto at Brody

Brody a town in the Lvov Oblast(district) Ukrainian SSR. Founded in the sixteenth century, Brody was under Polish rule in the period from 1918 to 1939, and was annexed to the Soviet Union in September of that year, 9000 Jews lived there in 1939.

It was one of the important Jewish communities in Galicia and for many years Jews constituted a majority of the population. Brody was well known on the one hand it was a renowned Hassidic centre, yet at the same time at the beginning of the 19^th Century Brody also became one of the first locations of the Haskala (Jewish Enlightenment) in the province.

The prominent Jewish – Austrian novelist Joseph Roth came from Brody. The town itself was also well- known from the 18^th Century when it became a major trading place, and in the 19^th Century because of its location close to the Russian border, many Jewish refugees passed through Brody fleeing Russian pogroms.

Pioneers of the Haskala movement

From September 1939 until 1 July 1941 the town was under Soviet occupation, during this period some Jews collaborated with the Soviets. Some wealthy residents were arrested and deported to Siberia.

On 1 July 1941, the Germans occupied the town and lost no time in issuing anti-Jewish decrees, the Jews were ordered to wear an armband with the Star of David and to make punitive payments, they were subject to forced labour and their movements were restricted.

On 15 July 1941, a group of 250 intellectuals were summoned to the local Gestapo, where they were subjected to two days of torture and then murdered in ditches adjoining the Jewish cemetery.

On the day following the executions, the first Jewish Council (Judenrat) was established from among the Jewish intelligentsia who survived the previous day’s slaughter. The first president of the Judenrat was Dr Bloch, who before the outbreak of the Second World War had been a director of a local bank.

According to testimonies of survivors the first members of the Judenrat were decent, but later the local Gestapo replaced many members and quickly the Judenrat became simply a pliant tool for implementing German policy.

Together with German and Ukrainians many members of the Judenrat, as well as members of the Jewish police force, participated in the plunder of Jewish property.

The German civil administration ordered the payment of contributions by the Jews. Apart from money and valuables the Jews had to supply the Germans with furniture, clothes, shoes, linen and coffee.

The Judenrat was also ordered to supply hundreds of Jews daily for work on bridge repairs, on road building and in military camps. By August, Jewish property was being plundered on a large scale by both Germans and Ukrainians.

Jews on the streets of Brody

In December 1941, the Germans began stopping Jewish youths in the street, and transporting them to labour camps that had been established in the area. These camps were located at Jaktorow, Sasow, and Laski. Jewish women worked mainly in manors near the town – when rumours spread about impending deportations, some Jews paid large sums of money to acquire work-cards. At the same time some Jews began to construct shelters and hiding places in their homes.

In the first half of 1942 about 1,500 Jews were imprisoned in these camps. Their number dwindled sharply in the second half of 1942 and the beginning of the following year, owing to the high death rate caused by mistreatment, hard labour, starvation and disease.

During the summer of 1942 the Judenrat on its own initiative, launched an effort to find jobs in areas that were considered vital to the German economy, in the hope that this would give protection, at least to some degree, from deportation to the labour camps.

On 19 September 1942 Germans, including members of the Civil Administration under the command of Landkommissar Weiss,Ukrainian police, Ukrainian and Polish civilians, arrested Jews on the street or dragged them out of their houses and hiding places.

The Jews were gathered on the market square and from there were led to the waiting train, which took them to Belzec death camp. When this “Aktion” was over, 2,000 Jews were deported to the Belzec death camp, while 300 were killed on the spot.

Among the Germans in Brody there was one family who tried to aid the Jews. Liselotte Hassenstein and her husband Otto, who worked in the Forest Administration, were very active during the “Aktionen” in helping the Jews.

Otto Hassenstein saved many Jews by assigning them to work in the forest. He told everyone:

Read more here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ghettos/brody.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto H.E.A.R.T 2009

Pery Broad & Auschwitz Extracts

2009-06-04T15:31:23-04:00

Auschwitz Concentration Camp
Pery Broad – SS Man
The following pages are extracts from the reminiscences of Pery Broad
Member of the SS personnel in Auschwitz Concentration Camp.
Gas

View of one of the gates in the electrified fence surrounding Auschwitz-Birkenau
One day corpses of Russian prisoners of war were dragged out of a dark cell. As they lay in the yard they looked strangely bloated and had a bluish tinge, though they were relatively fresh. Several older prisoners who had been through World War One remembered seeing corpses like that. Suddenly they understood …. Gas.

The first attempt at the greatest crime, which Hitler and his helpers planned and committed in a frightening way, never to be expiated was successful. The greatest tragedy could then begin, a tragedy to which millions of happy people, innocently enjoying their lives, finally succumbed.

From the first company of the SS Totenkopfsturmbann, stationed in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp, SS Hauptscharfuhrer Vaupel selected six particularly trustworthy men. Among them were those who had been members of the Black General SS for years. They had to report to SS-Hauptscharfuhrer Hossler.

After their arrival Hossler cautioned them to preserve the utmost secrecy as to what they would see in the next few minutes. Otherwise death would be their lot. The task of the six men was to keep all roads and streets completely closed around an area near the Auschwitz crematorium.

Read more here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/perybroad.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

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Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto 2009 H.E.A.R.T

Holocaust Art - Joseph Bau

2009-05-17T19:54:53-04:00

Joseph Bau Holocaust Artwork
(H.E.A.R.T Exclusive)

[Next] [Last]

JB1
785 X 800
316 KB
JB10
560 X 704
164 KB
JB11
672 X 800
962 KB

See the full image gallery here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/galleries/baugallery/index.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto H.E.A.R.T 2009

The Hlinka Guard

2009-04-29T17:45:19-04:00
The Hlinka Guard
Paramilitary Arm of the Slovak HSSP

Members of the Hlinka Guard march in Slovakia
The holocaust began for the Slovka Jews in Autumn of 1938, when Slovakia became an autonomous region. Upon conclusion of the first Vienna award on on 2 November 1938, a percentage of southern Slovakia and the town of Kosice were ceded to Hungary.

Of course this action elicited outrage against Slovak nationalists who took it upon themselves to proclaim that "Magyar Jews" were the cause of this loss of Slovak territory.

Over the next three years Slovak Jews became subject to constant harassment, and their freedom of movement was restricted in a series of legislative actions promulgated by the Zidovsky kodex or "Jewish Code" enacted on September 9 1941. The code was comprised of 270 articles, which contained all previous Jewish restrictions, and host of new orders as well.

Catholic Priest Andrej Hlinka
Jewish property was confiscated and businesses liquidated at bargain prices all in an effort to "Aryanize" the country. In the Autumn of 1941 Slovak leaders approached Heinrich Himmler for assistance in ridding themselves of their Jewish population completely. An arrangement was then made with the German Reich in January, 1942, where the Slovak government agreed to pay the equivalent of 500 Reichsmark for every Jew the Germans removed.

The Hilinka Guard was the paramilitary unit created by Catholic Priest Andrej Hlinka and controlled by the Slovak People's Party or HSSP. The Guard was officially established on October 8, 1938 but its roots cab be traced back as early as the 1920's to the "Rodobrana" a strong arm group that styled itself along the lines of the Mussolini's' Black shirts, and the Nazi SA.

The Rodobrana "predecessors of the Hlinka Guard
The HSSP being a Catholic religious group in its orientation found its support among Slovak Catholics. The Slovak peasantry had suffered hardships during the period of economic readjustment after the disintegration of the Hapsburg Empire. Moreover, the apparent lack of qualified Slovaks had led to the importation of Czechs into Slovakia to fill jobs in administration, education, and the judiciary.

Although Andrej Hlinka's objective was solely Slovak autonomy within a democratic Czechoslovak state, his party contained a more radical wing, led by Vojtech Tuka. From the early 1920s, Tuka maintained secret contacts with Austria, Hungary, and Hitler's NSDAP.

Hlinka Guard Insignia
It was Tuka who formed the Rodobrana and began publishing subversive and anti-Semitic literature. Tuka later gained the support of the younger members of the Slovak Populist Party, who called themselves Nastupists, after the journal Nastup.

The Rodobrana and its offshoot the Hlinka Guard are said to have represented the major factions of Slovak fascism. Although it is believed that the Hlinka Guard may have actually been less violent that their cousins in the SA/SS, or Romanian "Iron Guard", there is no doubt as to their level of involvement and culpability in the looting of Jewish property, the beatings and forced deportation of Jews, and their role in running the Slovak concentration camps.

Tuka's arrest and trial in 1929 where he was charged with espionage on behalf of the Hungarian government precipitated the reorientation of Hlinka's party in a totalitarian direction. The Nastupists gained control of the party and in 1935 it polled 30 percent of the vote but refused to join with what they believed was an illegitimate government.

Read more here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/nazioccupation/hlinka.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto H.E.A.R.T 2009

The Destruction of the Jews of Romania!

2009-04-14T12:18:19-04:00

The destruction of the Jews of Romania

          The Synagogue in Czernowitz

Jewish history in Romania has been recorded as early as the 2nd century when the Roman Empire had established its rule over an area of land that was then known as Dacia. Inscriptions and coins as well as Jewish tombstones have been have been found in such places as Sarmizegetusa and Orsova.

Anti-Semitism in Romania began as early 1579 when the sovereign of Moldavia, Petru Schiopul, ordered the banishment of the Jews on the grounds that they were ruining established merchant businesses, and for allegedly exploiting the Christian population in order to enrich themselves.

The mostly Sephardic Jewish population then had to endure great hardships during the Russo-Turkish war in 1769-74. They were massacred and robbed of their property in almost every town and village in the country. Despite these early pogroms Jewish communities still managed to flourish. The number of Jews in historic Transylvania jumped from two thousand in 1766, to thirty thousand in 1880. By 1825, Jewish population in Wallachia was estimated at between 5,000 and 10,000 people.

Jewish community & shops in Bucharest
At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, which finalized Romanian independence, the great powers made the grant of civil rights to the Jews a condition of that independence in spite of opposition by the Romanian and Russian delegates. After heated debates parliament modified the article of the constitution which made citizenship conditional on Christianity, but stated that the naturalization of Jews would be carried out individually, by vote of both chambers of parliament.

However, it was only after World War I was legislation enacted to emancipate Romanian Jewry. Despite the prevalent anti-Semitism that abounded in Romania, Jews played an important role in the transformation of of the nation from a feudal system into a modern economy and were also active in the country’s cultural life. Romania was the birthplace of the Yiddish theater. It also produced many of the first chalutzim who settled in Israel.

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
The bias against Jews continued into the 20's and 30', student movements began against the Jews at the major universities were organized and financed by the Ministry of the Interior. Once such movement was founded by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and called itself "The Legion of the Archangel Michael" (precursor to the Iron Guard), the legion formed terror cells and claimed responsibility for the murder of several Jews.

The Legion was known for skillful propaganda, including a very capable use of spectacle. Utilizing marches, religious processions and patriotic and partisan hymns and anthems, along with volunteer work and charitable campaigns in rural areas in support of its anti-Communist, anti-Semitic, anti-liberal, and anti-parliamentary philosophy.

Stamp with the Legion Symbol
On Dec. 9, 1927 Legion members carried out a pogrom in Oradea Mare in Transylvania. Five synagogues were destroyed and the Torah scrolls burned in public squares, Jews were humiliated and beaten. Soon after rioting spread throughout Romania and in Cluj, eight more Synagogues were ransacked and looted.

In the second half of the 1930s, and with the rise of fascism, the situation of the Jews became increasingly desperate. Like most European fascist movements, Romanian fascism emerged out of the political, economic, and ideological crisis's that followed World War I.

On 7 June 1930 Carol II was proclaimed King of Romania, and sought to influence the course of Romanian political life through manipulation of the rival Peasant and Liberal parties. But in the years 1933-35, King Carol and the Prime Minister also maintained ambiguous relations with the Legion, now commonly referred to as the "Iron Guard".

Read more here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/nazioccupation/index.html
The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto 2009 H.E.A.R.T

Auschwitz SS man Oswald Kaduk!

2009-03-19T04:42:38-04:00

Oswald Kaduk
SS man at Auschwitz

Oswald Kaduk & Family
Oswald Kaduk was born on the 26 August 1906 in Konigshutte, Upper Silesia, the son of a blacksmith. He had five brothers all of whom were killed in the Second World War.
Oswald Kaduk attended public school in Konigshutte and subsequently became a butcher. For a year and a half he worked in the municipal slaughterhouse of his home town.

In 1927 after a brief period of unemployment he became a member of the municipal fire department of Konigshutte, where he remained until being called –up after having volunteered to serve in the Waffen-SS, in the spring of 1940.

In 1942, after a fairly long illness, he was transferred to the guard detachment of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp. His first assignment in the camp was that of “block leader” – he said, “he only saw to quiet, order and discipline.”

Later he became leader of a work detail, he admitted at his pre-trial examination before the Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt –am- Main that he was present at the selections on the ramp, however he claimed never to have selected victims for the gas chambers from the incoming transports.

On the 20 April 1943 Roll Call Leader (Rapportfuhrer) Oswald Kaduk is among thirty-two members of the Guard Storm troopers that were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross Second Class with swords.

Map of upper Siliesia showing Konigshutte
(click text to enlarge)
Milton Buky was deported to Auschwitz in December 1942 and he testified at the Auschwitz trial:

“The chosen victims were brought to the two former farm buildings in trucks and had to undress and get on line. Kaduk gave the orders, Moll only sometimes. The people were driven into the gas chambers with dogs.

They didn’t all go in always. Either they didn’t want to, or sometimes there were too many. Those who stayed outside were shot, in their clothes.

Judge Hofmeyer: "Who did that?"

“Mostly Kaduk." At first it was difficult to watch this, but later I got used to the sight. The procedure was repeated frequently, and there were always more and more people, primarily the aged and the sick.

A man inserted the Zyklon, also a car with a red cross always stood by. At first I assumed that the Red Cross truck came to look after the sick.”

Judge Hofmeyer: “Kaduk has been telling us that he had never gone to Birkenau.”

Read the full story here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/othercamps/kaduk.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

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Revolt at Auschwitz! The Sonderkommando

2009-02-21T12:05:52-05:00

Read the article here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/sonderevolt.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

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Revolt at Auschwitz!

2009-02-21T11:56:09-05:00

New Page 1

Sonderkommando Revolt – Auschwitz – Birkenau

7
October 1944

Sonderkommando burning corpses in an open air
pit at Birkenau

The Sonderkommando or
("Special Command Units') were Jewish prisoners who were forced to work
in the death camps at the grisly
task of burning of the corpses of those already murdered by the Nazi's.

For periods lasting from two
to four month's these units worked under hellish conditions until they
themselves were liquidated by the Germans, and the first task of their
replacements was to dispose of the bodies of the previous group. Since a
Sonderkommando usually comprised men from incoming transports, their second
task often consisted of disposing of the bodies of their own families.

At Birkenau their duties
included guiding the new arrivals into the gas chambers, removing the bodies
afterwards, shaving hair, removing teeth, sorting through possessions,
cremating the bodies, in the crematoria or open air pits and disposing of
the ashes.

At
the end of June 1944 the Sonderkommando was moved from Barracks No 13
in Section BII d, to live in the attacks of Crematoria Nos II, III and IV.
Among the prisoners were nineteen Soviet Prisoners of War from Majdanek
who incited members of the Sonderkommando to revolt.

A group of
leaders was formed consisting of Jozef Deresinski, Zalman Gradowski, Jankiel
Handelsman, Ajzyk Kalniak, Lajb Langfus, Zalman Lewental, Lajb Panusz and
Jozef Warszawski, whose real name was Jozef Dorebus.

Israel Gutman
"Today"

The
Sonderkommando resistance leaders made contact with some Jewish girls
who worked in the munitions factory Weichsel – Union Metallwerke,
which was located near the Auschwitz main camp. Salmen Lewental one of the
Sonderkommando leaders kept a written record in a small notebook
which was buried in a jar under the earth, which was found after the war.

Two other
leaders of the Sonderkommando Israel Gutman and Jehuda Lerner began
to receive small quantities of explosives from the girls employed in the
munitions factory, hidden in a false bottom of a food tray.

Israel Gutman recalled one smuggling attempt:

“When I was standing near my friend he told me there was a
search going on. He told me that he had not time to put the explosives in
the saucers and that the explosives were on his body in a cigarette package.

SS listing from October 7, 1944 detailing
current strength of Jewish Sonderkommando referred to as "stokers"

I knew quite well that not only we would be killed as
retaliation, but all the underground of Auschwitz was jeopardised. When they
carried out the search they felt that I was trembling and they then searched
me very thoroughly.

When they didn’t find anything then they didn’t really look
at my friend. Somehow or other they skipped him. Since I was a little
excited they thought that I was the one who had explosives and not him.”

On the 7
October 1944 the camp underground military leaders sent an urgent warning to
the resistance cadre at the crematoria that they had learned the SS were
going to liquidate the Sonderkommando shortly.

On that fateful
morning the Senior Sonderkommando man at Crematorium IV was ordered
to draw up lists for evacuation of three hundred men on the same day, out of
the total complement of eight hundred and seventy –four men.

Filip Muller a member of the Sonderkommando described what
happened next:

“Towards mid-day Scharfuhrer Busch, Unterscharfuhrer Gorges
and several other SS men and guards arrived in the yard in front of
crematorium IV. All prisoners were ordered to line up, with the exception of
fourteen who were away on their various jobs and who, in any case, were not
affected by the selection.

Read more here:

http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/sonderevolt.html

The Holocaust Education &
Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

The Warsaw Ghetto!

2009-02-10T12:13:36-05:00

The Warsaw Ghetto

German guard stopping a Jew at the Warsaw Ghetto checkpoint

Warsaw became the capital of Poland in 1596, the city flanks both sides of the Vistula River, two thirds of the cities area lying on the west bank and one third on the east bank. Jewish people lived in Warsaw from the 15th century, and during the 19th century the Jewish population of Warsaw grew rapidly, becoming the largest Jewish community in Europe, and by the 20th century the world’s second largest behind New York.

Jews were to be found in every part of the city, but predominantly in the Northern part, with many apartment houses and certain streets inhabited exclusively by Jews. In 1935 the city limits covered an area of 54 square miles with a population of 1.3 million people.

On the eve of World War Two the Jewish population in Warsaw numbered 337,000 about 29% of the total population of the city, this figure rose to 445,000 by March 1941.

       Jewish Life in Warsaw

Following the German invasion of Poland on 31 August 1939, the German “Blitzkrieg” swept through Poland, and reached the southern and western parts of the city on 8 and 9 September 1939. Within a few days (until 28 September) the Germans had surrounded the city from all sides, and launched deadly air attacks, and artillery shelling, which caused heavy damage to buildings, and significant loss of life.

Adam Czerniakow who was to become the Chairman of the Warsaw Jewish Council (Judenrat) wrote in his diary on 14 September 1939 – “At the Jewish cemetery, 130 bodies burned by incendiary bombs on 13 September” and on 15 September: “Heavy artillery fire mainly in the area where I live. Blazing fires lit up the city” On 23 September 1939 Mayor Stefan Starzynski appointed Czerniakow as Chairman of the Jewish Community in Warsaw. Czerniakow wrote in his diary “ A historic role in a besieged city. I will try to live up to it”.

     Adam Czerniakow

From the first days of the occupation the Jews were subjected to attacks and discrimination, such as being driven from food lines, seized for forced labour and violated for their traditional clothing and hairstyles. Teachers, craftsmen, professionals and members of welfare and cultural institutions lost their positions, without any compensation, or little prospect of obtaining similar positions.

On 23 November 1939 Hans Frank the Governor- General issued a decree that all Jewish men, women and children over 10 years of age were required to wear in public a white armband with a blue Star of David. In addition Jewish shops were to be marked, restrictions proclaimed on travel by train, and radios were confiscated from Jews and Poles from 1 December 1939.

The harshest measures came with a number of decrees on economic affairs, such as the prohibition of non-Jews buying or leasing Jewish enterprises without obtaining a special permit for this purpose, decreed by Dr Ludwig Fischer, the District Governor of Warsaw on 17 October 1939.

In place of the many pre-war institutions, only two frameworks were allowed to function under the Germans, these were the Jewish Council (Judenrat) and the Jewish Self-Help welfare organisation. The Jewish Council was a new body, set up as per Reinhard Heydrich’s edict as a first part of the Final Solution of the Jewish problem outlined at a secret conference of high police officials on 21 September 1939. that each community is to select a Jewish Council of not less than 24 members.

Read more here:

http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ghettos/warsawghetto.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

The Jewish Order Police and the Ghettos of the Hol

2009-02-02T19:43:45-05:00

New Page 1

The Jewish Order Police

Holocaust Ghettos



Members of the Jewish order police in the Lodz
Ghetto

Jewish Order
Service police units were established by the German authorities in certain
locations under their brutal occupation. Almost immediately after their
establishment the Jewish Councils in Eastern Europe were ordered to organise
these units, usually as a forerunner to the creation of ghettos.

Whereas the
Judenrat itself, although also created on German orders, often contained
elements of pre-war voluntary association, the Jewish police came into being
only after the German occupation. There was no precedent for the existence
of a Jewish police force, and there was no indication that the Jews played
any part in the establishment of a Jewish police force within the ghettos.

The Germans set
the guidelines for the Judenrat to recruit members which included
physical fitness, military experience, and secondary or higher education.

In practice
these guidelines were not always closely followed. Formally the Jewish
police constituted one of the departments of the Judenrat, but from
the very beginning many Jewish Councils were apprehensive about the police
force’s public character and the way it would function.

They suspected
that the Germans would have direct supervision of the police and use it for
the implementation of their policies. Aware of this danger, many Jewish
Councils sought to establish their own means of controlling the police and
the standards of its behaviour, and tried to attract young Jews who would be
trustworthy.

In the initial
period some of the recruits did indeed believe that by joining the ranks of
the Jewish police gave them an opportunity to serve the community. But there
were other reasons for joining. Belonging to a protected organisation,
provided immunity from being seized for forced labour. Service in the Jewish
police also offered greater freedom of movement and the possibilities of
obtaining food and money.

An
officer of the Jewish order police in the Lodz ghetto, with
wife and son

The size of the
Jewish police force was not fixed but depended on the size of the Jewish
community. Thus in Warsaw the Jewish police at first numbered 2,000, in Lvov
500, in Lodz 800, in Krakow 150 and in Kovno 200.

In the larger
ghettos the Jewish police commanders held officer ranks and units were made
up of sub-divisions and district stations. The policemen were identified by
the different caps they wore and by the unit’s designation inscribed on
their armband, the yellow badge that they, like all other Jews, had to wear.

In the smaller
ghettos where the Jewish police consisted of a few men organisational
differentiations were not required.

The duties of the Jewish police can be divided into these
categories:

Directing
traffic in the streets.

Supervising
garbage collection and clearing snow and dirt off the streets.

Supervising
sanitation in the buildings.

Preventing
crime and operating a kind of court that served as an “arbiter” in
disputes that arose in the ghetto.

Read more here:

http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ghettos/orderpolice.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research
Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Hitler; Himmler Shoah; Third Reich;
Final Solution; Nazi; National Socialism; Jews; Judaism; The Holocaust;
Auschwitz; Deathcamps; Sobibor; Belze; Treblinka; Krakow; Lublin; Action
Reinhard; Wirth; Globocnik; Goering; Goebbels; Anne Frank; Propaganda; Genocide;
Murder; Racism; Aryan; anti-Semitism; Israel; Torah; Talmud; Sephardic; Mengele;
Euthanasia; Wannsee; World War II; Axis History; Gas Vans; Chelmno; gas chamber;
Zyklon B; Buchenwald; concentration camp; Dachau; Bergen Belsen; Stuthoff; Gross
Rosen; Mauthausen; Natzweiler; Survivors;

The Miedzyrzec Ghetto! www.HolocaustResearchProje

2009-01-18T18:23:45-05:00

Miedzyrzec Ghetto

Miedzyrzec (Russian Church in background)

Miedzyrzec Podlaski was a well known Jewish community in central Poland, where Jews had lived since the 16th century. In the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, the town was a famous Jewish centre for the production of brushes and furs. Before WW2 the Jewish population of Miedzyrzec numbered about 12,000 people, around 75% of the total population in town.

In September 1939 a part of the town was destroyed by the German Luftwaffe and about 25% of Jewish housing was destroyed. The German army entered the town on 13 September 1939 for the first time but after several days the Soviet Army occupied Miedzyrzec. The Soviets remained in the town until 25 September 1939, before leaving. 2,000 young Jews joined them.

German Wehrmacht units again entered the town on 9 October 1939. Shortly after the German occupation of Miedzyrzec Podlaski, the Jews were forced to leave the centre of the town. They had to move to the Jewish district, located in the poorest neighbourhood. Around 1,800 people had to vacate their homes.

"They went into small apartments, already overcrowded. These apartments were without privacy, water and sanitation. Water had to be carried from the wells in the streets. In 1940 a dysentery epidemic broke out." (Fragment of the report by the Committee of Jüdische Soziale Selbsthilfe (JSS) in Miedzyrzec, from the beginning of 1941).

Entrance to Jewish Quarter (circa 1941)

In the same manner as in other ghettos, a Judenrat and a Jewish police force were established in the town. Klarberg became president of Miedzyrzec's Judenrat. The awful situation in the Jewish district became even worse when from early 1940, large transports, each with around 1,500 resettled Jews from Nasielsk, Pultusk, Serock, Lodz and Gdynia arrived. Until early 1941 other transports also arrived from Krakow (740 people) and Mlawa (1,400 people). In addition, a group of Jewish POWs from the former Polish army was sent to the town. Most of the deportees possessed nothing except their own clothes. Hunger and lack of space became the biggest problems. Around 650 Jews were housed in the unheated synagogue.

According to the JSS report from early 1941, 6 - 8 people died from starvation every day. The daily bread ration was 100 grams (working Poles received 260 grams). In 1940, around 2,400 Jews from Miedzyrzec were sent to small labour camps in Biala Podlaska, Klody, Rogoznica, Rossosz and Lesna Podlaska. They were forced to work for the Wasserwirtschaftsinspektion (Water Supplies Inspection (WWI), installed by the Germans). They received neither salary nor sufficient food.

In 1942, when Aktion Reinhard began, the Miedzyrzec Ghetto became the main transit ghetto in the northern part of the Lublin district. From this transit ghetto, the Jews were deported to the Treblinka death camp.

Read more here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ghettos/miedzyrzec.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Comments on the HolocaustResearchProject.org

2008-12-15T21:53:15-05:00

• 12/14/2008 2:22 PM Phyllis Kalman wrote:
Thank you for posting these heart wrenching stories of the Holocaust.

We must never forget!

Phyllis Kalman
USA
Reply to this
• 12/14/2008 11:03 AM Maribel Santos wrote:
This article was very helpful for a report on World War 2 and the Holocaust.

www.holocaustresearchproject.org is the best website I've found in some time.

My brother sent me the URL, he spends more time reading your website than he does reading any printed books on the subject.

Maribel Santos
from Trenton, NJ
Reply to this
• 12/9/2008 12:45 AM Alena wrote:
I recently came across your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first

comment. I don't know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog. I will keep visiting this

blog very often.

Alena

Reply to this
• 12/6/2008 10:13 AM Joanne Sima wrote:
Raoul Wallenberg was a great hero of the 20th century.
I thank you www.holocaustresearchproject.org for honoring him on your website.
Reply to this
• 11/29/2008 5:12 PM LaRouche Sucks! wrote:
LaRouche is scum!

He promotes hatred and bigotry!
Reply to this
• 11/28/2008 7:11 AM Michal wrote:
This is very good article on Slovak Jews.
Michal
Reply to this
• 11/25/2008 9:35 AM personal shredder wrote:
This blog Is very informative , I am really pleased to post my comment on this blog . It helped me with ocean of knowledge so I really belive you will do much better in the future . Good job web master .
Reply to this
• 11/24/2008 3:05 PM JP wrote:
OUTSTANDING RESEARCH!

A Masterpiece!
Reply to this
• 11/22/2008 3:00 PM Erland Svenson wrote:
I thank you for this article on the plight of the Norwegian Jews. Your website is very comprehensive and you don't often find this level of detail in electronic media.

My thanks,

E. Svenson
Reply to this
• 11/7/2008 3:30 PM Trisha Moreley wrote:
A very courageous man Mr. Karski was.
Reply to this
• 11/4/2008 11:21 AM Terry Rather wrote:
Very interesting story! Rarely do we get to read about the more subtle aspects of how the Nazi's exploited Jews during the Holocaust.
Reply to this
• 11/3/2008 6:54 AM Gabor Hirsch wrote:
It is more an enquiry as a comment.
Does any records of former inmates exist to Gross Rosen? can you say when a camp number would probably issued.
The number in Question is 39969

Best regards
Reply to this
• 10/30/2008 4:06 PM Samuel Martin wrote:
This article depicts a lot of stuff very well. How jews were treated while this time period with concentration camps was going on. It shows how they were over powered and didn't get much to eat at all. Very good article.
Reply to this
• 10/27/2008 2:38 PM Ilya Vonich wrote:
Barbarians!!!

The Nazi SS were barbarians!
Reply to this
• 10/23/2008 7:02 PM William Benaret wrote:
Your piece on the SS is very well done. I appreciate the depth of information as well as the addition of photos and timelines.

Thank you for producing such a great website.

William Benaret
Reply to this
• 10/14/2008 8:18 PM Aaron Scheliekin wrote:
A unique deposition. Where does your group uncover these documents? German archives?

Aaron Scheliekin
Reply to this
• 10/12/2008 9:00 AM STRIDER wrote:
I'm glad this murderer got what he deserved!

STRIDER
Reply to this
• 10/6/2008 10:59 AM Jimmy Calliardi wrote:
I read a report at the USHMM authored by Carmelo Lisciotto and was very impressed.

Is he lecturing?

JC
Reply to this
• 10/6/2008 10:57 AM Ian Woods wrote:
Thank you for raising the case of Jeremiah Duggan.

To have the support of the Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team means a lot to those dedicated to the cause of fighting anti-Semtism and hatred throughout the world.

Ian Woods

Manchester, UK
Reply to this
• 9/25/2008 6:01 AM Dr Bloom wrote:
Your team does a very nice job with the photo galleries.

They are a great learning tool.

Dr. Bruce Bloom Conn.
Reply to this
• 9/15/2008 11:31 PM Sascha Schwartz wrote:
I own a copy of "Shutter Falls" by Mr. Chris Webb and it’s an utterly fantastic photo journey into the many faces of the Holocaust in Poland and Russia!

I highly recommend it.

Sascha Schwartz
Toronto, Canada
Reply to this
• 9/15/2008 3:21 AM Thomas Fletcher wrote:
I received my pre-release copy of "Postcards from the Past" by Chris Webb and Arthur Hojin.

I wrote to Mr. Webb regarding the 1st edition print but I understand that he and other members of the team are currently on a site in the Ukraine.

I look forward to the Lisciotto book though.

Tom
Reply to this
• 9/14/2008 11:23 AM Jill St. Claire wrote:
Dear H.E.A.R.T I was told that a book was forthcoming authored by some or all of the members of the team. Do you know when this book will be available and where?
Thanks very much and please keep up the great work.
JSC
Reply to this
1. 9/14/2008 11:37 AM H-E-A-R-T wrote:
Dear Jill St Claire

We thank you for your kind remarks.

The H-E-A-R-T U.S Director Carmelo Lisciotto has a book expected to be released in spring of 2009. More information on this release will be posted in the Publications section of the HolocaustResearchProject.org website.

In addition several contributors to the H-E-A-R-T website have publications on Aktion Reinhard being released in December.

Stay tuned a lot of material on the way!

Thank you for your interest.

-The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team.
Reply to this
• 9/11/2008 2:47 AM Prasad Kumar wrote:
Very good blog!

PK
Reply to this
• 9/3/2008 1:25 PM Elaine Trudari wrote:
AMAZING! I've searched the Internet for months trying to find a full English version of this text for a lecture I am delivering in November.

The Holocaustresearchproject.org team really came through. I can't thank you enough.

Elaine Trudari
Penobscott, Maine USA
Reply to this
• 9/3/2008 10:11 AM Zman wrote:
Hey guys, you have a very well produced website here
Reply to this
• 8/30/2008 8:29 PM Deanna Lee wrote:
I CAN'T TELL YOU ENOUGH HOW MUCH I LOVE THE HOLOCAUSTRESEARCHPROJECT.ORG WEBSITE!

I'VE USED IT FOR PERSONAL RESEARCH AND SIMPLY GENERAL INFORMATION.

IT IS TRULY A GREAT ONLINE RESOURCE!
Reply to this
• 8/29/2008 8:29 PM Frank Vickers wrote:
Hello,
I saw your wonderful website quoted on a BBC broadcast about the American Media man Jerry Springer and his family that was killed in the Holocaust.

A very interesting programme indeed.

Frank Vickers
Reply to this
• 8/27/2008 9:09 AM Tina McElroy wrote:
Amazing! I knew there were Jewish police and corrupt officials but heard nothing of this 13!

Your website is very balanced and resourceful
Reply to this
• 8/27/2008 9:06 AM Marco Destrius wrote:
Very powerful essay on the Croatian Holocaust. I must say the that the images of Jasenovac are horrific but I believe it is important that websites such as the Holocaustresearchproject.org publish them in such a professional and educational manner.

Well done.
Reply to this
• 8/25/2008 11:11 AM Lisa Ludmul wrote:
I agree with Andrew!

The very best Holocaust website on the Internet is: www.Holocaustresearchproject.org

I send all of my students there and highly recommend it to any history buff.

Lisa Ludmul - Youngstown, Ohio
Reply to this
• 8/24/2008 2:38 PM Andrew Darlykin wrote:
The HOLOCAUSTRESEARCHPROJECT is by far the defacto website on the internet in relation to anything to do with the Holocaust.
No other website even comes close!

A.D
Reply to this
• 8/22/2008 10:31 AM Jose Amaris wrote:
I had a similar question that you have answered. I enjoy MR LISCIOTTO's writing very much and look forward to his new book.
Reply to this
• 8/21/2008 12:48 PM Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team wrote:
Dearest Norbert.

Thank you for your kind remarks. There is currently one photo publication available entitled "The Shutter Falls" by H.E.A.R.T UK Director Mr. Chris Webb.

You can expect a full length research publication from Mr. Carmelo Lisciotto in the spring of 2009.

Stay tuned.

-The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team.
Reply to this
• 8/21/2008 12:41 PM Norbert Ersteiner wrote:
An utterly intriguing story of these mass murderers and the Holocaust!

My humble thanks on your great work! I would love to see a book from the Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Is one available?

Norbert Ersteiner
Reply to this
• 8/19/2008 9:04 AM Marteen Salomar wrote:
I thank you for such a great compilation of Holocaust research and materials.

Your website rivals even the USHMM.

Marteen
Reply to this
• 8/19/2008 9:02 AM Tomaz Igneiasky wrote:
Everytime you post something new on your fantastic website I see the others try to copy you!

www.holocaustresearchproject.org is not only the best holocaust website its the most orginal!
Reply to this
• 8/14/2008 10:07 AM Joachim Bunt wrote:
I must repeat the sentiments of many of the people here when I say that the Holocaustresearchproject.org offers the very best and most comprehensive online resource that I have sound so far.

JB
Reply to this
• 8/2/2008 3:02 PM Kurt Peters wrote:
You have best website about Holocaust!

In Germany we have not very good resource for this material.

Kurt Peters
Bamberg, Germany
Reply to this
• 7/29/2008 9:46 AM Gerald Rosenbloom wrote:
An interested story about Chelmno!
Reply to this
• 7/23/2008 8:18 PM Richard Barris wrote:
Thank you for posting another interesting article on your website.

I enjoy reading this blog because it summarizes all the articles at www.holocaustresearchproject.org and I can pick and choose which sections to vist.

My sincere thanks on your great work.

Richard Barris Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Reply to this
• 7/17/2008 8:58 AM Tanya Taylor wrote:
FASCINATING!

I LOVE YOUR WEBSITE!

Tanya
Reply to this
• 7/14/2008 8:33 AM Shane Denison wrote:
Arguably the best summary of Nazi propaganda available on the Internet!

My hat off to the holocaust education and archive research team!
Reply to this
• 7/14/2008 8:29 AM Tina D. wrote:
Interesting to learn that Sigmund Freud lost family in the deathcamps.
Reply to this
• 6/30/2008 12:45 PM cel mai misto tip din Romania wrote:
Very interesting.
Reply to this
• 6/30/2008 11:09 AM Stephan C. wrote:
I LIKE THE WAY YOU WROTE THIS STORY OF HOLOCAUST IN ROMANIA
Reply to this
• 6/30/2008 11:08 AM Jan Henning wrote:
Your story on Preben Munch is very impressive. The facts are all very much correct.
Do you have Danish members of your staff?

Jan Henning
Reply to this
• 6/25/2008 3:22 PM Shawn Meckel wrote:
My thanks to the Holocaustresearchproject.org group for their great work. You have a very good website about the Holocaust.
Reply to this
• 6/22/2008 4:01 PM Omar Varshnik wrote:
Your website on the Holocaust is better presented that even the US Holocaust Museum web pages and far superior to almost all the others. I thank you for creating and maintaining this great work.

Omar Varshnik

Cinncinati, Ohio USA
Reply to this
• 6/7/2008 6:02 PM Lea Setmer wrote:
She was a very strong woman.
Reply to this
• 6/4/2008 12:29 PM Jeffrey Rascher wrote:
A very interesting article on how Jewish Policemen acted in the ghettos. You rarely see this perspective presented online.

Jeffrey R.
Reply to this
• 6/1/2008 7:25 AM Ajna Shah wrote:
I really enjoy your website it is a nice resource for education.
Reply to this
• 5/30/2008 1:50 PM MAX wrote:
What a bitch Grese was!
Reply to this
• 5/27/2008 5:25 PM Ezra K. wrote:
The brutality is incomprehensible!
Reply to this
• 5/26/2008 10:07 PM Katya Andrapol wrote:
Thank you for posting this story about Irena
Reply to this
• 5/25/2008 7:48 PM Katan Patel wrote:
Riveting article!

Simply well done!
Reply to this
• 5/21/2008 4:17 PM Romyk Kepec wrote:
I lived 20 kilometer from this place.

Nothing very nice about it.
Reply to this
• 5/20/2008 7:52 PM Eugene Steinbaum wrote:
All I can say is that I'm blown away by these images.

Powerful is an understatement.

Eugene
Reply to this
• 5/16/2008 1:47 PM Jessica Fornhauser wrote:
Such brutality committed by these Ustasha men is incomprehensible!

I'm confused about why the U.S and Nato backed Croations in the recent ethnic cleansing in Bosnia-Hercegovina?
Reply to this
• 5/15/2008 10:56 AM Josef Martinkoff wrote:
I thought that I knew a lot about the Holocaust but every time I visit the Holocaustresearchproject.org website I learn something new.
This story on Pieter Menten is very interesting.

Josef Martinkoff
Reply to this
• 5/10/2008 10:07 AM Ronald Rukenstein wrote:
NEVER FORGET THE HOLOCAUST!

I thank you for your great website!

RR
Reply to this
• 5/3/2008 9:00 AM Jose Alicaro wrote:
FABULOUS GALLERY!

I've never seen many of these photos! Where does the holocaustresearchproject.org team find these photos? GREAT STUFF!

J.A
Reply to this
• 5/2/2008 2:08 PM John Masters wrote:
A very moving story. Is Mr. Bright still alive?

I'm curious to how he feels about Gemans?
Reply to this
• 4/22/2008 8:03 PM Paul Annunzio wrote:
What a great story. I was impressed with the accomplishments of these Jewish partisans.

PA
Reply to this
• 4/22/2008 8:02 PM Eric fFinkel wrote:
I read the book Tough Jews and I thought those guys were bad asses!
The Bielksis really kicked butt!
Reply to this
• 4/10/2008 12:24 PM Sarah Rothenheim wrote:
Many warm thanks for publishing your wonderful website.

The Holocaustresearcproject.org is the an inspiring and enligntening resource that taught me more about the Holocaust then I've ever learned anywhere else.

Sarah Rothemheim
Reply to this
• 3/26/2008 11:25 AM Martin Goldberg wrote:
WOW! What a powerful story!

I never knew that Jewish resistance was so tough!

My thanks www.holocaustresearchproject.org for presenting such an inspiring peiece of work.

Martin Goldberg Columbus, Ohio
Reply to this
• 3/24/2008 9:11 AM Sara Schiffer wrote:
Your website really moved me.
I learned so much in just an hour of reading through the plethora of pages and articles.
Please keep up the fantastic work!

I regard the Holocaustresearchproject.org website as the best source of information available about the Holocaust.

Sara Schiffer
Reply to this
• 3/20/2008 9:54 AM James Stark wrote:
great article about the eichmann trial!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Reply to this
• 3/12/2008 10:55 AM Joshua Chartaye wrote:
My thanks to the HOLOCAUSTRESEARCHPROJECT.ORG your website always has interesting articles and history that simply can't be found on the Internet! I've read a lot on wikipedia but have found that much of what they present as credible is in fact erroneous and of dubious nature.

My thanks again for making your resource available to us all.

Joshua Chartaye
Reply to this
• 3/6/2008 6:49 PM Ezra Mandel wrote:
Yours is the only website I've located the tells of Mr. Kartin.

I must also comment the Holocaust education and archive researchers for such work.

EZRA MANDEL Tel Aviv
Reply to this
• 2/7/2008 10:55 AM Gerard Malachim wrote:
I agree with you Ms Alicia! The website www.Holocaustresearchproject.org has the best collection of holocaust photos, the most detailed articles and is presented in a very comprehensive and user-friendly way!

Gerard
Reply to this
• 2/1/2008 2:34 PM Robert Mcnamee wrote:
Your transcription of the Vrba - Wetzler report is top notch.

My thanks to the Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team for maintaing such a great Holocaust Website.
Reply to this
• 2/1/2008 2:32 PM Luis Gonzales wrote:
THANKYOU FOR POSTING THE VRBA REPORT!

THE HOLOCAUSTRESEARCHPROJECT.ORG WEBSITE IS THE ONLY SITE THAT HAS THE FULL TEXT!

YOU GUYS ARE THE BEST!

LUIS GONZALES
Reply to this
• 1/28/2008 10:19 AM Frank McConnely wrote:
Hi!

Saw your website www.holocaustresearchproject.org on a BBC programme a few evenings past. What a tremendous resource for those interested in learning about the Holocaust.
-Frank McConnely
Reply to this
• 11/26/2007 8:44 PM Johannes wrote:
My compliments to Mr. Schlüter on a very good piece.

Johannes
Reply to this
• 11/20/2007 2:37 PM Mauro Goldschein wrote:
I am currently working on my thesis regarding Euthanasia and the Nazi T4 program. This article posted on the www.holocaustresearchproject.org website was an exellent resource!

Mauro
Reply to this
• 11/13/2007 1:37 PM Norbert Bortin wrote:
Great photo gallery!
Best Dachau image collection I've seen on the net so far!
Reply to this
• 11/12/2007 10:00 AM Jan Kopec wrote:
This piece on Przemysl at www.holocaustresearchproject.org should be considered the "definitive" authority on the Ghetto there and its history. I was born in Przemysl and even in Poland it is difficult to find such a well prepared page.
Thank you.
Jan
Reply to this
• 11/7/2007 12:24 PM Brian McCallister wrote:
WOW!
This is a great article! Where do the people behind the Holocaustresearchproject find all this great material on the Holocaust?

By far the best site on the Internet!
Reply to this
• 10/31/2007 8:00 AM Lori Maatz wrote:
My thanks to the Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team for publishing such a comprehensive list of Holocaust ghettos.
Overall I've found the website to be one of the best resources available online.
--Lori Maatz
Reply to this
• 10/25/2007 11:32 AM Mitch Ariston wrote:
Fantastic article! No other Holocaust website I've ever found presents such a well written piece on the Judenrat as what is availabe at www.holocaustresearchproject.org

-MA
Reply to this
• 10/24/2007 11:54 AM Dino Krevlach wrote:
Very Powerful writing!
Reply to this
• 10/19/2007 6:18 PM Achmed Danda wrote:
Very nice website! I am putting links to www.holocaustresearchproject.org on my on blog.
Achmend Danda
Reply to this
• 10/19/2007 8:49 AM Laura McMillan wrote:
What a heartbreaking story! Mr. Grossman was a hero! I am surprised I haven't found much more about him on the Internet!
The HolocaustResearchProject seems to be the only place for detailed background on many of these specialized stories.
Reply to this
• 10/13/2007 8:37 AM Tsi Stennek wrote:
Thank you for producing such a fabulous website about the Holocaust.

www.holocaustresearchproejct.org is the defacto online resource relating to this period of history.

Tsi Stennek
Reply to this

Lyndon Larouche, neo-fascism, coded anti-Semitism,

2008-12-02T09:50:00-05:00

Essays & Editorials [home]

The Department of History, University of Northampton & The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

[Please note that editorials posted in this section are the sole viewpoints of the individual author and do not necessarily
represent any collective opinion of the Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, or the University of Northampton]

Lyndon Larouche, neo-fascism, coded anti-Semitism, and the Jeremiah Duggan Case

Guest Publication by

Matthew Feldman

[photos added to enhance the text]

Jeremiah Duggan

Described by the current edition of the Encyclopedia Judaica as a "notorious antisemite" whose "international organization’ is today a "major source of ... masked antisemitic theories globally’, Lyndon LaRouche continues to be hounded by the unexplained death of Jeremiah Duggan immediately following a LaRouchite event in Germany.

Evidence pertaining to the death of Jeremiah Duggan further suggests that Lyndon LaRouche and his international network (hereinafter referred to as the ‘LaRouche Organization’) have repeatedly violated German and European Law regarding incitement to racism and extreme right politics. In both German and European Union law, anti-Semitism, ‘extrem’ politics, and incitement to religious/racial hatred are illegal.

Yet even the brief summary below points appears to implicate Mr LaRouche a United States citizen, all of these activities; and also significantly, the principal arm of his LaRouche Organization in Europe, the Schiller Institute (located in Wiesbaden, Hesse), in the global dissemination of neo-fascist propaganda and Holocaust revisionism.

These activities played an as-yet indetermined part in the death of 22-year old Jeremiah Duggan, a British Jew visiting Weisbaden, Germany, in the early hours of 27 March 2003; potentially more direct criminal activities took place on the night of 26-7 March, but serious investigation into the tragic death of this Parisian-based student has not been undertaken.

Read the full editorial here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/essays&editorials/duggan2.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

The Grodno Ghetto - www.HolocaustResearchProject.

2008-11-26T13:20:55-05:00

The Grodno Ghetto

The ghetto in Grodno

During the interwar period Grodno a city in the western part of Belorussia was part of Poland, however, in September 1939 it was occupied by the Soviet forces and annexed to the Soviet Union, as part of the Ribbentrop – Molotov pact.

Grodno had one of the oldest and largest Jewish communities with numerous social and cultural institutions and was a well-known centre of Zionism, on the eve of the Second World War Grodno’s Jewish population was circa 25,000.

On the first day of Operation Barbarossa – the German name for the invasion of the Soviet Union, the Germans reached Grodno on 22 June 1941.

As soon as the Nazis entered the city, they forced all male Jews aged sixteen to sixty on forced labour, the following month eighty Jews belonging to the intelligentsia were murdered.

A Gestapo office (Nebenstelle) was established in Grodno dealing with Jewish affairs, initially headed by Kriminalsekretar Gross, and he was succeeded by Heinz Errelis, from December 1941.

Errelis had thirteen men under his command, including his deputy Schrott, other key Gestapo officers were Kurt Wiese, the commandant of Ghetto “A” and Otto Strebelow the commandant of Ghetto “B.”

Jews forced into the Grodno ghetto

At the end of June 1941 a Judenrat was established with a membership level of ten people, headed by David Brawer, the headmaster of a local school.

As was the norm the German authorities imposed on the Jews of Grodno, all the usual restrictions, including registration, the marking of identity cards, the wearing of the Jewish badge from 30 June 1941.

On 18 September 1941 the Germans transferred the administration of Grodno from Belorussia to the district of Bialystok and annexed it in March 1942 to East Prussia, under the control of Gauleiter Erich Koch.

Whilst the Germans used the Jewish manpower for forced-labour from day one of its rule, the official decree was not issued until the 15 October 1941, which stated that males aged between fourteen to sixty and women aged fourteen to fifty-five were obligated to work.

Read the full article about Grodno here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ghettos/grodno.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

The true story of the "Pianist" of the Holocaust!

2008-10-05T10:19:40-04:00

Artur Gold and Wladyslaw Szpilman
The Conductor and The Pianist

This poster from the Nowoczesna Restaurant on Nowolipki 10 in the Warsaw Ghetto lists Artur Gold and Wladislaw Szpilman as performers, and both men had tragic links with the Treblinka death camp. « Click text above for enlarged view.

Artur Gold

Artur Gold

Artur Gold was born in Warsaw in 1897 he was the son of Michal and Helena. In 1922 he established a jazz band with his cousin Jerzy Petersbuski, which became very popular, and he studied in London, and recorded for “Columbia Records” in Hayes, near London.

From 1929 performed in the famous “Adria” in Warsaw, and during the 1930’s composed popular songs like “Autumn Roses.” Gold lived and worked with his brothers Adam and Henryk, also musicians at 122 Chmielna Street in Warsaw.

In 1940 he was forced to move to the Warsaw ghetto, where he performed in the “Nowoczesna” restaurant. In 1942 he was transported to Treblinka where he was forced to play for the SS, and to form a small orchestra, which played at roll calls and gave special concerts to the SS and prisoners.

Gold was murdered in Treblinka during 1943.

A description of Gold’s arrival at Treblinka as recalled by Samuel Willenberg:

“A new transport from Warsaw provided us the fifty men we needed to round off the prisoner contingent in the camp, which had dwindled greatly as a result of the many on-site executions carried out by the guards.

Among the new men was the famous Warsaw musician Artur Gold. The moment Kuttner ordered fifty young men to be taken out of the transport, the “Reds” who had known Gold back in Warsaw, made sure to include him.

There he stood clutching a violin to his chest. That day after roll-call Kurt Franz shouted, “The conductor out!”

Petersbuski-Gold Orchestra Gold in back row on left.

At the sound of this, Gold and two other prisoners stepped out of line and faced us. Even before this we had thought it strange that they had not ordered us to sing “Aren’t you sad mountain man?” as we always did after roll-call, and the camp anthem “Fester Schritt.”

Gold and the other two prisoners added up to a violin trio, though a grotesquely dressed one in the standard prisoner uniform of rags and high-cut boots procured in the sorting-yard. Now they mounted a small wooden platform which was hardly big enough for them.

Behind them was a hut with little grated windows. Besides them on the ground, stood the whipping stool where the Germans punished prisoners.

The trio of musicians began to play popular pre-war tunes, which reminded the prisoners of years gone by, that left us depressed and sore of heart. The Germans were pleased with themselves they had succeeded in organising an orchestra in the death camp.

Read the full story here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/nazioccupation/gold&szpilman.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

The Nazi Euthanasia center at Grafeneck! www.Holo

2008-09-30T13:55:44-04:00

Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre

Grafeneck Castle in 1940

Situated on a hill near Marbach in the Münsingen district, Grafeneck Castle was built between 1556 and 1560. Between1762-1772, Duke Karl Eugen converted the castle to a more contemporary style. In 1929 a Samaritan foundation in Stuttgart took over the building to serve as a hospice for invalids. Early in October 1939, Dr Herbert Linden of the Health Ministry visited Eugen Stähle, the official in the Württemberg Ministry of Interior responsible for health care, and asked for Stähle’s cooperation in finding a relatively small institution "to implement euthanasia"; Stähle offered Grafeneck, and on 14 October 1939 Grafeneck Castle was duly confiscated. 10-15 manual labourers from nearby villages began to convert the castle into a killing centre.

A short distance from the castle several barracks were built, fenced in with a hoarding up to 4m high. An additional 5m screen hid the gas chamber and crematorium. On the first floor of the castle the required amenities were installed; accommodation and offices for doctors, a registry office, a police office, an office for the letters of condolence, and various other departments. Quarters for personnel were on the second floor. The main building of the killing facility was a barrack (68 m long and 7 m wide), which included several rooms. In one of them 100 beds were placed, covered with straw mattresses. A wooden barrack served as the reception centre for arriving patients. Next to it, an old coach house was converted to accommodate the gas chamber; it was disguised as a shower room with showerheads and wooden benches. At first, the chamber had the capacity to gas 40-50 persons at one time; later it was enlarged to hold 75 victims. A small room adjacent to the chamber contained the valves to activate the gassing process.

Read the full article about Grafeneck here:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/euthan/grefeneck.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

www.HolocaustResearchProject.org

Der Untermensch! Nazi Propaganda!

2008-09-03T13:54:24-04:00

Der Untermensch
"The subhuman"

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team has faithfully translated this infamous Nazi text from the original versions printed in both the German and Russian language. The purpose of this translation is for readers to understand the methods in which the Nazi propaganda machine would seek to dehumanize the victims of its genocidal actions.

H.E.A.R.T Exclusive
Editor:
The Reichsführer-SS
SS Office

Berlin, 1942
DHM, Berlin
Do 56/685

Revised:
SS Office - Training Office
SS Hauptsturmführer King, SS-Obersturmführer Ludwig Pröscholdt
in conjunction with the Association of Graphic Jupp Daehler

Pictures: Atlanrik (18), the Associated Press (16), FF Bauer (3), DAF-Gau-Image (1), Georg Ebert (1), Enit (1), Helga Glassner (1), Max Göllner (3) , Hehmke-Winterer (1), Walter Hege (1), Historia Photo (1), Heinrich Hoffmann (5), country image Vienna (1), Ema Lendvai-Dircksen (2), Mauritius (6), Nibelungen Publisher (3) Orbis (7), Press Photo Center (2), Hans Retzlaff (9), Risch-Lau (1), Charloüe Rohrbach (5), collection Seiler (5), Jutta ropes (1), SS Office ( 12), SS-PF (21), Scherl (6), Sport Bild-Schimer (1), State body image (4), Ilse Steinhoff (2), Hans Tschira (4), Paula Armed Forces (3), the world (8) , Anna Winterer (1)

V E R T R I E B

N O R D L A N D V E R L A G

The cover to the infamous Nazi publication Der Untermensch

As long as there have been men on the earth, the struggle between man and the subhuman will be the historic rule; the Jewish-led struggle against the mankind, as far back as we can look, is part of the natural course of life on our planet. One can be convinced with full certainty that this struggle for life and death is just as much a law of nature as is the struggle of an infection to corrupt a healthy body."

Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler 1935

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Just as the night rises against the day, the light and dark are in eternal conflict. So too, is the subhuman the greatest enemy of the dominant species on earth, mankind. The subhuman is a biological creature, crafted by nature, which has hands, legs, eyes and mouth, even the semblance of a brain. Nevertheless, this terrible creature is only a partial human being.

Read the full text here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/deruntermensch.html

The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org


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